the effects of capital, labor, digitalization, financial development, natural resources, and trade openness. Utilizing a … roles of capital, labor, financial development, and trade openness in driving economic performance, while digitalization and …

What determines trade patterns? Habit persistence in consumer tastes and learning-by-doing in production imply that … similarity is a product of history, so that trade patterns are a function of bilateral GDP, current trade costs, and the past … history of trade costs. Using a trade data set which spans from 1870 to 2000, it is shown that many gravity variables operate …

Observed trade flows provide one metric to gauge the degree of international goods market segmentation. Deviations from … 83 percent. Quantitative multi-country Ricardian models, a la Eaton and Kortum, use data on bilateral trade volumes to … estimate international trade barriers or trade costs. This paper investigates whether the degree of international goods market …

The post-World War II reconstruction of global trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) has been a significant topic …. Since the reconstruction, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have increasingly internalised trade and FDI in markets where … relationship between Australia and Japan from the immediate post-World War II phase through Australia’s neo-liberal trade policy …

In the pure theory of international trade the foundation of commodity exchange is based upon differences in autarky … relationship between the pattern of comparative advantages and the combination of international commodity trade. The purpose of … international trade is determined by comparative advantage. The following elucidates the relationship between comparative advantages …

Since trade was not an engine, neither was a part of trade, such as the trade in slaves. And certainly the profits from … the trade did not finance the Industrial Revolution. Imperialism, too, was a mere part of trade, and despite the well …