A dumping investigation involves comparing export prices with a “normal value” loosely defined as the price in the exporter’s domestic market observed in the course of normal trade. However, domestic sales with prices below production costs are excluded from the computation of a normal...

The discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Alberta and the subsequent U.S. border closure raised concerns about the reliance of Canada’s cattle industry upon U.S. packers. It became clear that Canada lacked the slaughter capacity to support the number of cattle going to market....