The U.S. and E.U. have recently increased prosecution of international cartels; few developing countries have similar enforcement. If these cartels have significant effects on developing economies, the lack of antitrust enforcement is a problem. Geographically limited prosecutions may not...

How do changes in competitive intensity affect trade patterns? Models of collusivearrangements in spatially separated markets generate testable predictions of the effects of collusion on price, trade patterns and concentration. We exploit a quasi-natural experiment associated with increased...