The objective of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the linear and non-linear causal linkages between total energy consumption and economic activity, making use of annual time series of Greece for the period 1960-2008. Two are the salient features of our study: first, the total...

This paper contributes to the understanding of the non-linear causal linkage between investors' sentiment dynamics and stock returns for the US economy. Employing the sentiment index developed by Baker and Wurgler (J. Econ. Perspect. 16: 129-151, 2007) and within a non-linear causality...