. Our work suggests replacing“either-or” views of causality with a positive feedback loopconceptualization in which …

causality and behavior of a system in a common object-oriented analysis model, surety analysts can make the assumptions that …

nodes representing random variables and directed edges indicating causality between variables. Each node has a probability …

if the four causality components are complied with simultaneously.Input-output modelling is preferred in South Africa …

the trade impact on income convergence, a long-lasting problem is the reverse causality from income convergence to trade … causality from income convergence to trade exists in differentiated product sectors, but not in homogeneous product sectors … causality problem. It can be taken as a pure evidence of trade-induced income convergence. This result is robust to various …

equilibrium within half a year. Granger causality tests show no causal relationship between Saudi stock market returns and the …

investigated with respect to contemporaneous causality, dynamics,and structural change. In the first essay, nation-wide industry … (DAG) for contemporaneous causality and Bernankedecomposition for dynamics. The evidence shows that the information … considercontemporaneous causality and possible structural breaks (changes). The dissertationemphasizes causal inference and structural …

misspecification. This dissertation relates game-theoretic frameworks to models of causality inference and thus provides a reliable …