For more than 100 years economists have tried to describe economics in analogy to physics, more precisely to classical Newtonian mechanics. The development of the Neoclassical General Equilibrium Theory has to be understood as the result of these efforts. But there are many reasons why General...

In economics balance identities as e.g. C+K'-Y(L,K) = 0 must always apply. Therefore, they are called constraints. This means that variables C,K,L cannot change independently of each other. In the general equilibrium theory (GE) the solution for the equilibrium is obtained as an optimisation...

In economics balance identities as e.g. C+K'-Y(L,K) = 0 must always apply. Therefore, they are called constraints. This means that variables C,K,L cannot change independently of each other. In General Equilibrium Theory (GE), the solution for equilibrium is obtained as optimisation under the...

In economics balance identities as e.g. C+K'-Y(L,K)=0 must always apply. Therefore, they are called constraints. This means that variables C,K,L cannot change independently of each other. In general equilibrium theory (GE) the solution for the equilibrium is obtained as an optimisation under the...

1. the real economy does not grow exponentially in mature economies, but only approximately linearly. The reasons for this are: - the increasing saturation tendency of demand because of increasingly fulfilled basic needs and increasing inequality of distribution, - declining rates of investment...

For more than 100 years economists have tried to describe economics in analogy to physics, more precisely to classical Newtonian mechanics. The development of the Neoclassical General Equilibrium Theory has to be understood as the result of these efforts. But there are many reasons why General...

In the course of history the failure of the economiy has sparked societal catastrophes at different scales. The Proscription in the Roman Empire 43 BC, the French Revolution 1789 and the Great Depression starting 1929 are prominent examples of such historic events. The developments of the last...

General Constrained Dynamic models (GCD – models) in economics are inspired by classical mechanics with constraints. Most macroeconomic models can be understood as special cases of GCD – models. Moreover, in this paper it will be shown that not only macroeconomic models but also game...