Based on an integrated theoretical framework of the determinants of foreign direct investment entry mode decisions, comprising the perspectives of strategic behavior, transaction costs, organizational capabilities, and institutional influence, we first conducted a pilot investigation of ten...

This paper examines ownership decision of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (FDI) with a focus on the choice between a wholly owned subsidiary and a joint venture entry mode. Based on literature review and findings from our case study of ten Chinese outward investing firms, we develop a...

This paper investigates the factors determining foreign direct investment (FDI) location choices of Chinese multinational firms. We developed a conceptual framework that synthesizes traditional economic factors and institutional perspective. Then several hypotheses were developed in line with...

This paper investigates whether patent subsidy programs aimed at promoting regional innovations have aroused a large number of low-quality applications in China and created biased patent statistics as an indicator for innovations. We found that patent filing fee subsidies encouraged filing of...

This study integrates theories relevant to collaborative knowledge creation and provides evidence to discover effects of knowledge diversity on collaborative knowledge creation. The analysis uses a sample comprising 38,500 granted U.S. utility patents involving two collaborating inventors, from...

Category-based measures such as the cosine index, Herfindahl index, entropy index, Euclidean distance, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient are widely applied in resource-based studies. However, when adopting these indices in empirical studies with respect to the categories of industry,...

This paper analyzes the management of multinational’s R&D in emerging economies, taking the case of Japanese firms’ R&D collaboration with NTSDA, Thai national research institute. A detail interview survey for two cases, Polyplastics, an engineering plastics manufacturer and Shiseido, a...

While R&D activities of multinational firms in India focus on offshore development, some companies are developing cutting-edge technologies. In addition, product development for the local market has increased with the expansion of the Indian market. India’s importance as an R&D center is...

This paper studies how offering patents as collateral influences the decisions of Chinese lenders and determines features that make patents more acceptable as collateral. We develop a lending model incorporating a borrower’s likelihood of default, the value of patents offered as collateral,...

This paper presents the typology of overseas R&D, by interacting the direction of knowledge flow between home and host countries and the distinction of “research” and “development”, namely (1) technology driven, (2) cost driven, (3) market driven, (4) policy driven, (5) production driven...