This paper searches statistical evidence of tax harmonization initiated and motivated by EU Commission since 1980. The purpose of energy tax harmonization is to reach more efficient use of energy among members and thereby to establish more competitive markets in EU. The tax harmonization in EU,...

This study measures the response of gasoline consumption to improved vehicle fuel efficiency (miles per gallon). Although an inverse relationship exists, the percentage decline is always less than the percentage efficiency improvement. As usually measured by past researchers, the long-run...

China is concerned about the security of its sea-lanes for imports and desires to diversify its oil supplies from the Middle East in order to sustain economic growth. These concerns have sparked China’s interest in trying to ensure oil supplies from as many sources as possible and in reducing...

A considerable body of economic literature shows the adverse economic impacts of oil-price shocks for the developed economies. However, there has been a lack of empirical study of this kind on China and other developing countries. This paper attempts to fill this gap by answering how and to what...

Increasing demand for oil and gas in the enlarging EU will mostly be satisfied by outside resources, due to Union’s limited oil and gas production capability. Turkey’s geographical location offers variety of opportunities in terms of oil and gas transportation from the Caspian Sea and the...

The dynamic of energy prices influences the entire economic activity, both at macro and micro level. Unlike other economic goods price determination, based specially on offer-demand relationship, the energy price determination is strongly influenced by the taxation policy and political factor,...

The dynamic of energy prices influences the entire economic activity, both at macro and micro level. Unlike other economic goods price determination, based specially on offer-demand relationship, the energy price determination is strongly influenced by the taxation policy and political factor,...

This paper looks for the possible outcomes of the determinants of demand for electricity in Turkey. All variables are in per capita. Determinants are electricity production, price index of electricity and income, respectively. Electricity consumption is classified into residential and commercial...

This paper looks for the possible outcomes of the determinants of demand for electricity in Turkey. All variables are in per capita. Determinants are electricity production, price index of electricity and income, respectively. Electricity consumption is classified into residential and commercial...

This paper looks for the possible outcomes of the determinants of demand for electricity in Turkey. All variables are in per capita. Determinants are electricity production, price index of electricity and income, respectively. Electricity consumption is classified into residential and commercial...