Hierarchical model such as Fay–Herriot (FH) model is often used in small area estimation. The method might perform well overall but is vulnerable to outliers. We propose a robust extension of the FH model by assuming the area random effects follow a t distribution with an unknown...

The cost and effectiveness of eight approaches to reducing barriers to cataract surgery were evaluated in a rural area of South India during 1987–1989. The approaches were based on four intervention alternativesaphakic motivator (AM), basic eye health worker (BW), screening van (SV), and mass...