This paper advances the measurement of nontariff measures (NTMs) by discussing a framework for how to compare regulations. We argue that relative differences in SPS regulations trigger the impact on trade flows between trading partner countries and specifically look at maximum residue levels...

In the present empiricalstudy we used the Johansen Maximum Likelihood procedure to evaluate spatial market integration for raw sugar among Colombian, Brazilian and World markets. The Johansen (1988) cointegration approach allowed relating the three market sugar prices in a multivariate...