A quantization procedure for the Yang-Mills equations for the Minkowski space R 1,3 is carried out in such a way that fi eld maps satisfying Wightman axioms of Constructive Quantum Field Theory can be obtained. Moreover, by removing the infrared and ultraviolet cutoff s, the spectrum of the...

These lecture notes are about financial innovations. We ask why are there some innovation and how is an innovative idea realized. This forces us to consider practical and structural aspects (regulations, taxation, markets) as key drivers of innovations and also basic formal aspects in valuation....