When central banks announce cuts to future interest rates, the expected costs of government debt service decrease, generating additional resources in future budgets. This paper demonstrates that if the rational-expectations assumption is dropped, fiscal authority can exploit those gains by...

In monetary theory, money is typically introduced as an object that can help agents bypass frictions, such as anonymity and limited commitment. Consequently, common wisdom suggests that if agents had access to more unsecured credit these frictions would become less severe and welfare would...

The banking sector plays a pivotal role in the economic development and stability of a country, particularly in developing nations like India, where financial systems are predominantly bank-based. Banks act as primary financial intermediaries, converting deposits into productive investments,...

Conventional empirical models of monetary policy transmission in emerging market economies produce puzzling results: monetary tightening often leads to an increase in prices (the price puzzle) and depreciation of the currency (the FX puzzle). We show that incorporating forward-looking...

Conventional empirical models of monetary policy transmission in emerging market economies produce puzzling results: monetary tightening often leads to an increase in prices (the price puzzle) and depreciation of the currency (the FX puzzle). We show that incorporating forward-looking...

Using quarterly data on commercial banks operating in Pakistan over a period of 2002-2014, this study finds that banking sector in Pakistan takes more risk during ease and infection ratio increases with a rise in policy rate. In addition, with lower return on asset and small capital base, banks...

This note takes part in the debate on the topic “a macroeconomics without LM”. It shows that, when the central bank does not control directly the interest rates on the money and financial markets, LM curve has another role to play than to determine in an endogenous way the money supply when...

The mainstream inflation-targeting literature makes the strong assumption that the central bank can exactly target the interest rate which affects investment and consumption decisions and hence the money supply plays no role in the monetary policy strategy. This assumption is equivalent to...

It has been a long debate whether Fed Funds target interest rate (FFTR) has significant explanatory power on interest rates in other countries. In this paper, we analyze the effects of FFTR on Bank of England (BOE) bank rate and European Central Bank (ECB) key interest rate employing-the rather...

We rely on microeconomics theory to compute the natural rate of interest for the G7 countries from 2001 to 2017. The equilibrium natural rate of interest is determined by a parsimonious equation that is easily computed from readily observable data, hence no estimation errors. The model predicts...