Option pricing is an integral part of modern financial risk management. The well-known Black and Scholes (1973) formula is commonly used for this purpose. This paper is an attempt to extend their work to a situation in which the unconditional volatility of the original asset is increasing during...

This study sheds new light on the question of whether or not sentiment surveys, and the expectations derived from them, are relevant to forecasting economic growth and stock returns, and whether they contain information that is orthogonal to macroeconomic and financial data. I examine 16...

We consider economic obstacles that limit the reliability and accuracy of value-at-risk (VaR). Investors who manage large market transactions should take into account the impact of the randomness of large trade volumes on predictions of price probability and VaR assessments. We introduce...

We consider the randomness of market trade as the origin of price and return stochasticity. We look at time series of trade values and volumes as random variables during the averaging interval Δ and describe the dependences of market-based volatilities of price and return on the volatilities...

This paper discusses the value-at-risk (VaR) concept and assesses the financial adequacy of the price probability determined by frequency of trades at price p. We take the price definition as the ratio of executed trade value to volume and show that it leads to price statistical moments, which...

We consider the core problems of the conventional value-at-risk (VaR) based on the price probability determined by frequencies of trades at a price p during an averaging time interval Δ. To protect investors from risks of market price change, VaR should use price probability determined by the...

The book is divided into five parts. The essence of behavioural finance is presented in the first parts. Fuzzy generalizations of some mathematical concepts are presented in the second part. The impact of selected behavioural premises for imprecise estimation of expected return is described in...

The book is divided into five parts. The essence of behavioural finance is presented in the first parts. Fuzzy generalizations of some mathematical concepts are presented in the second part. The impact of selected behavioural premises for imprecise estimation of expected return is described in...