This research aims to elucidate the organizational patterns of interregional economic interdependence to enhance our comprehension of the national economy's structure at a regional scale. Employing a multilayer network model, this study represents economic interdependence among Indonesian...

This research empirically examines the relationship between flexible labour markets, the social contract, and female youth unemployment rate in the high-income, oil-abundant Gulf Cooperation Council countries. We hypothesize that flexible non-segmented labour markets improve female youth...

Just as human age is a key determinant of individual economic productivity, a population’s age structure is a significant causal factor of economic productivity and growth. This paper attempts to update the traditional theories of economic growth by incorporating demographic transition theory...

The adoption of agriculture during the Neolithic triggered the first demographic explosion in history. When fertility returned to its original level, early farmers found themselves more poorly nourished than hunter-gatherers and working longer hours to make ends meet. We develop a dynamic,...

This paper studies a possibility of efficiency improvement by child benefit programs in an overlapping generations economy with endogenous fertility and government debt. We derive conditions for improving an efficiency by child benefit using Representative-Consumer efficiency (RC-efficiency), an...

This paper builds on the literature testing for labor market inefficiencies in developing countries. Empirical tests using a panel data survey from Tanzania first reject the homogeneity of family and hired labor, and then reject labor market separation or completeness. Further tests for the...

This article uses the British Business Census of Entrepreneurs (BBCE) to examine the relationship between the household and entrepreneurship in England and Wales between 1851 and 1911. The BBCE allows three kinds of entrepreneurial households to be identified: those where an entrepreneur employs...

While social security systems in the developed countries including Japan are taking pay-as-you-go system based on the cooperation between generations, the fertility number as a tax base of social security is decreasing and the low fertility tendency is common in the developed countries. And if...

This paper shows that the use of sex-ratio as an indicator of preference for male is not an appropriate selection, as sex-ratio also depends up on fertility rate in any society. The findings points out that by comparing sex ratios across societies, one may find trivial conclusion with regard to...