Economy can be generally described as a bunch of value streams. At least a part of capital accumulation is assumed to be the consequence of value stream blockage, and a means too keep such blockage. Negative relation between capital accumulation and foreign trade balance coming out from this...

In our paper we establish foreign direct investment (FDI) as a major determinant of media freedom. Global integration can strengthen the media sector financially, make it technologically enhanced and can also improve the economic environment as a whole. This, in turn, would work towards the...

Predictions and hopes are different things. Predictions are based on past empirical observations. They single out what seem to be essential variables and the relationships between them and assume that their importance will prevail in the future. Hopes add a component to a prediction, namely an...

Freezing the reserve assets of some countries and the danger of spreading it to other countries have made the existing international monetary system a very unreliable instrument of international financial relations. This will undoubtedly lead to its transformation, first of all, to a decrease in...

As I am writing this book, Russia is invading Ukraine, and the world’s beliefs in global institutions, peace, humanism, and social progress have been shaken again. Understanding why conflict is endemic to any social relation, under which conditions it is a positive element in social life, and...

The main thesis in this manuscript is that a social choice theory based on aggregating individual preferences and values is insufficient to confront the social choices that today’s world is facing. It is defended in here that institutions play a critical role in any social choice, and that the...

In less than fifteen years, the world has experienced the worst financial crisis since the 1930’s, the worst global pandemic since the flu in 1918, and the largest war fought since the Second World War. This manuscript argues that these crises are not isolated events. The main thesis is that...

This book presents the reasons for which, given the globalization brought about by the ICT revolution, both liberalism and realism are ill suited as guides for international relations. And it argues in favor of a third option: institutionalism. The liberal ideal of progress and peace, brought...

In Afghanistan, the SME area is considered one of the significant supporters of the economy by providing revenue and employment to a huge extent of the population. Companies with less than 100 employees make up 80% -90% of all the country’s businesses, and they contribute 50% of the GDP and...

As I am writing this book, Russia is invading Ukraine, and the world’s beliefs in global institutions, peace, humanism, and social progress have been shaken again. Understanding why conflict is endemic to any social relation, under which conditions it is a positive element in social life, and...