) drives firm performance (profitability and efficiency) for BRICS countries from a des-aggregate panel data of the firm …-yearly level (by country) during 2014-2022, from an aggregate monthly time series data and a panel data of country-monthly level …-run (LR) panel models, the Bayesian VAR-X short-run (SR) approach, and the time series and the panel (LR and SR) ARDL models …