The government overall budget (actual budget balance) is a one of indicators that could reveal the fiscal policies position responding to different economic situations. This indicator suggests that fiscal policy has been tightened or loosened, and in turn, reflects the impact of government...

The government overall budget (actual budget balance) is a one of indicators that could reveal the fiscal policies position responding to different economic situations. This indicator suggests that fiscal policy has been tightened or loosened, and in turn, reflects the impact of government...

The research objectives are to examine and determine the cyclicality of fiscal policy in Indonesia, based on the response of government revenue, government spending and budget balance to the economic cycles. In addition, this research also aims to determine cyclicality of automatic stabilizers...

After two consecutive years (2019-20 and 2020-21) of fiscal stress, state finances in India show sign of improvement in 2021-22RE. With rising economic growth, revenue mobilization has improved which helped states to increase expenditures during 2021-22. To cope up with the revenue stress and...

After two years of fiscal stress during 2019-20 and 2020-21, state finances in India improved in 2021-22 with the recovery of the Indian economy after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, based on analysis of the Revised Estimate and Provisional Estimate (based on the Monthly Key Indicator Database...

There are still differences of opinion about the connection between government expenditure and revenues. This study aims to test hypotheses related to the direction of the relationship between Indonesian government revenues and expenses. By utilizing quarterly time-series data in the period...

This paper is to determine the optimality of taxation based on a comparative analysis of income taxation in developed and developing countries. In our opinion, the main idea of income tax should be the optimal distribution of tax literacy on the basis of a direct definition of income of...

This paper argues that austerity is not a good solution for fiscal consolidation and sustainability. Therefore, it is imperative to find a new approach. This paper presents a mechanism to improve both tax compliance and fiscal sustainability.

I am suggesting new methods, and innovative and alternative policies in the areas of optimal taxation, tax collection, money supply and banking financial system to help remove corruption, tax evasion, economic recession, black money, fake currency and societal inequalities. In my opinion, the...

Ultimate tax reforms - All Direct and Indirect taxes accompanied by tax laws, accounting, auditing and tax returns, can be abolished if a new tax system called “TOP Tax system” is adopted and implemented by all nations.TOP Tax system will relieve 7 billion people of the world from the cobweb...