We examine the GDP – energy use nexus in OECD countries over the period of 1960 – 2014. For the first time, energy use and GDP data are both disaggregated into their main components. Panel cointegration techniques addressing heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence are employed to infer...

The share of a population living in urban areas, or urbanization, is both an important demographic, socio-economic phenomenon and a popular explanatory variable in macro-level models of energy and electricity consumption and their resulting carbon emissions. Indeed, there is a substantial,...

We focus on three environmental impacts particularly influenced by population age-structure—carbon emissions from transport and residential energy and electricity consumption—as well as aggregate carbon emissions for a panel of developed countries, and take as our starting point the STIRPAT...