Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of international trade companies in the Kurdistan Region. This is crucial evidence that the Kurdistan Region can influence the world economy and politics. The economic integration between the Kurdistan Region and Eurozone countries is...

This paper studies the Hong Kong economy from a trade intermediary’s perspective. Using a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) framework, we discover that trade-related external shocks mainly affect the economy through re-exports channel over the offshore trade channel. We observe that...

Algeria has joined the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA), one of the largest common markets in the world. The aim of this paper is to examine the obstacles facing its economy and preventing it from benefiting from these advantages. It also highlights the measures that Algeria can take...

The study investigates the influence of intra-African trade on Africa's macroeconomic performance. To mitigate potential biases, the paper employs a two-step estimation technique (2SLS). In the first step, the paper uses Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) to estimate the gravity model for...

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between domestic investments, exports, and economic growth in Australia from 1972 to 2021. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) provided insights into short-term and long-term dynamics, highlighting how deviations from...

Using a simple duopolistic trade model with demand uncertainty and an identical traded product, we show that we can view trade in goods as implicit exports/imports of risk and risk aversion. Specifically, we show that a relatively “risk-aversion abundant” country is more likely to be a net...

This study rigorously investigates the effect of agricultural exports on economic growth across 12 low-income countries—Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Gambia, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Sudan, Togo, and Uganda—during the period from 2004 to 2023. Employing...

This study explores the determinants of economic growth in 17 East Asia-Pacific countries from 2004 to 2023, analyzing the effects of capital, labor, digitalization, financial development, natural resources, and trade openness. Utilizing a suite of statistical and econometric...

Since the 1960s, both the regime of Reza Pahlavi (1941-1979) and, subsequently starting from 1979 the Islamic Republic of Iran, have intervened in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). While the Shah's policies were motivated by a virulent anti-communist stance, the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) pursued a...

Since the 1960s, both the regime of Reza Pahlavi (1941-1979) and, subsequently starting from 1979 the Islamic Republic of Iran, have intervened in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). While the Chah's policies were motivated by a virulent anti-communist stance, the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) pursued a...