Until the 21st century, Africa remains the only region in the world where there are countries whose currency is derived from the colonial system. Very far from political and geostrategic considerations, the question has always been asked in order to know the effect of this lack of monetary...

The objective of this work is to analyze the effect to external debts on the real exchange rate rate in Chad from 1975 to 2014. The generalized method of moment is used. Findings show that external debts positively and significantly affect the real exchange rate at 5% significant level....

The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of the characteristics socoioeconomic of the woman, characteristics’s eventually of her spouse, on the decision’s couple production investments in specific age in Chad. Results show that the characteristics socoioeconomic influence the...