Full-text of this article is not available in this e-prints service. This article was originally published [following peer-review] in Environment and planning c: government and policy, published by and copyright Pion Ltd.

Cosmetic defects such as 'hollows' are the result of deviations in a skin panel. These deviations are usually too small and local to be detected by discrete measurements of the panel but become visually apparent after the application of paint. As a result, the perceived quality of a panel may...