countries that are not members of the World Trade Organization systematically set higher tariffs on goods that are supplied …The theoretical debate over whether countries can and should set tariffs in response to the foreign export elasticities … exists no evidence about whether countries actually exploit their market power in trade by setting higher tariffs on goods …

-the-board declines, entailed increases in tariffs that are proving detrimental to international trade and thereby affecting the Spanish … economy’s external sector outlook. This article estimates the effect of tariffs on Spanish non-energy, non-EU goods exports … drawing on data broken down by country of destination and type of product. The results show that an increase in tariffs …

protectionism in the form of tariff barriers on Spanish goods exports. The Spanish economy has signicantly increased its degree of … obtain a database combining annual tariffs applied to Spanish products over the years 1995-2019 from WITS and bilateral extra …-EU Spanish goods exports from Eurostat, with a product disaggregation level at 6 digits. We estimate the effect of tariffs both …

escalation of US-China trade tensions. The new tariffs have affected a significant percentage of Chinese exports to the United … amplify such adverse effects. Additionally, possible future auto sector tariffs could have a significant impact on European …

liberalization of the CAP leads to an increase in world market prices for once highly protected products like beef, milk and sugar …

market price support to land-based payments could generate a “win-win” outcome whereby farm incomes are maintained and world …