Due to climate change and social issues, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) solutions receive increased attention and emphasis. Being influential market leaders, investors wield significant power to persuade companies to prioritize ESG considerations. However, investors’ preferences...

We create a large language model with high accuracy to investigate the relatedness between 12 environmental, social, and governance (ESG) topics and more than 2 million news reports. The text match pre-trained transformer (TMPT) with 138,843,049 parameters is built to probe whether and how much...

This paper dynamically extends the noise trading model (DSSW model) via describing the limited rational investors’ sentiment more specifically, and using the bipolar sigmoid activation function in the neural network system to depict noise traders’ overreaction to the past changes of...

Due to the increasing risk of inflation and diminishing pension benefits, insurance companies have started selling inflation-linked products. Selling such products the insurance company takes over some or all of the inflation risk from their customers. On the other side financial derivatives...