This paper exploits a particular facet of the US patent system, which thus far has been overlooked in the literature: the patent renewal fee scheme relating to switches from small to large entity status. Based on this observation, we are able to determine whether university patents are licensed...

This paper studies the diffusion of knowledge and its consequences for local innovation production. In a common framework, we analyze the geographic reach of different channels of knowledge flows that thus far have been studied separately in the literature. To jointly estimate these flows, we...

Standard stochastic frontier models estimate log-linear specifications of production technology, represented mostly by production, cost, profit, revenue, and distance frontiers. We develop a methodology for stochastic frontier models of count data allowing for technological and inefficiency...

This paper studies the effects of spatial concentration of innovation activity on local production of patents in the US. In doing so, we augment the standard knowledge production function with a structure that allows for spatial effects, accounting along with bilateral also for multilateral...

This paper studies the relative geographic scope of two different channels of knowledge flows, a market channel where knowledge diffuses via patent transactions and a non-market channel where knowledge spillovers operate via patent citations. While there is significant work on informal...

Migration has strongly manifested itself to historic highs, creating divisive views among politicians, policy makers and individuals. The present paper studies the Europeans’ attitudes toward immigration and the contextual factors that shape these attitudes. Based on 267,282 respondents from...

This paper studies the drivers of highly skilled migrants across space as well as their impact on local innovation activity. We focus on patent inventors, a specific typology of skilled and innovative individuals who are deeply involved in the production of innovation and are important vehicle...

Does constitutional democratization affect profit-shifting strategies among firms? Using a global sample of multinational enterprises, we develop a subsidiary-year measure of profit-shifting and examine how this measure responds to changes in constitutional democracy and the subsequent evolution...

Testing purchasing power parity (PPP) using black market exchange rate data has gained popularity in recent times. It is claimed that black market exchange rate data more often support the PPP than the official exchange rate data. In this study, to assess both the long run stability of exchange...