The introduction of cross-compliancemechanism in the European Union with its 2003 CAP-reformmight affect the costs of production and thuscompetitiveness of the EU. Little evidence is available toasses the costs of compliance with regulations and it implicationfor trade. In this study a farm...

Beef and pig production are important sectors affected by the cross-compliance policy.Full compliance with SMRs and GAECs generates costs and benefits which may have animpact on the competitiveness of these sectors on the world market. Compliance with theNitrate Directive, animal identification...