In Europa steigt die Zahl der Hochbetagten drastisch an. Viele von ihnen sind längerfristig in den Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens eingeschränkt und auf Pflege durch Familienangehörige oder professionelle Dienste angewiesen. Wie wird die Pflege in Europa organisiert und finanziert? In...

Due to demographic ageing the number of people in need of long-term care is expected to increase markedly in the coming decades. The public debate focuses on the question of how to organize an adequate provision of long-term care. Almost all European countries provide some support for long-term...

Angesichts der Alterung der Bevölkerung rückt die adäquate Versorgung Hilfe- und Pflegebedürftiger immer stärker ins Blickfeld der öffentlichen Diskussion. Obwohl gegenwärtig in nahezu allen europäischen Staaten staatliche Pflegeleistungen gewährt werden, unterscheiden sie sich...

One is always hesitant to speak about the future. A famous philosopher from New York, Yogi Berra, said "Making predictions is difficult, especially about the future," and I have some trepidation about doing so now. There is also the difficulty of understanding what really has happened in the...

This report describes preparation of data from the National Long-Term Care Survey (NLTCS) fur use in a dynamic multiple-indicator model of dependency in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). The data set descrdibed makes use of all functional status information available across four NLTCS waves for...

We use exogenous variation in Social Security payments created by the Social Security benefits notch to estimate how retirees' use of prescription medications responds to changes in their incomes. In contrast to estimates obtained using ordinary least squares, instrumental variables estimates...

This paper provides estimates of the long-term effects on height and health of a large income shock experienced in early childhood. Phylloxera, an insect that attacks the roots of grape vines, destroyed 40% of French vineyards between 1863 and 1890, causing major income losses among wine growing...

Male life expectancy at birth fell by over six years in Russia between 1989 and 1994. Many other countries of the former Soviet Union saw similar declines, and female life expectancy fell as well. Using cross-country and Russian household survey data, we assess six possible explanations for this...

Strengthening the relationship of accountability between health service providers and citizens is by many people viewed as critical for improving access to and quality of health care. How this is to be achieved, and whether it works, however, remain open questions. This paper presents a...

This paper uses the Millennium Cohort Study to look at ethnic differences in birth outcomes for a cohort of English children born in 2000 and 2001. There is an increasingly large literature showing that longer gestation and higher birthweight are positively associated with cognitive and...