During the Kulturkampf at the end of the nineteenth century, Prussian authorities introduced centralized inspections to improve school outcomes in particular in Catholic regions. To measure the effect of the reform, I combine unique data on school inspectors with Prussian county-level data. I...

Which role did educational investments play for economic development? Using data on schooling quantity and quality provided by the first and second Prussian census on primary schools and two measures capturing the high and the low end of the income distribution allows applying a value-added...

It is generally argued that, in the context of Imperial Germany, public primary education was used to form "loyal citizens" and to build a nation. In this paper we analyze to what extent central spending on primary education affected participation at general elections and votes for...

In this paper we argue that different preferences in a decentralized system lead to under provision of public goods. We analyze the provision of public primary education in nineteenth-century Prussia which was characterized by a linguistically polarized society and a decentralized education...

The ifo Education Survey is a representative opinion survey of the German voting-age population on education topics that has been conducted annually since 2014. It covers public preferences on a wide range of education policy issues ranging from early childhood education, schools, and...

The ifo Education Survey is a representative opinion survey of the German voting-age population on education topics that has been conducted annually since 2014. It covers public preferences on a wide range of education policy issues ranging from early childhood education, schools, and...