. In China, duty exemptions have been central to the process of trade reform and have led to a tremendous increase in … duty exemptions in the case of China's recent WTO accession will overstate the increase in China's trade flows by 40 … reductions, the larger the bias when duty drawbacks are ignored. The bias in the estimates of China's real GDP, trade flows and …

. In China, duty exemptions have been central to the process of trade reform and have led to a tremendous increase in … case of China's recent WTO accession will overstate the increase in China's trade flows by 40 percent, welfare by 15 … drawbacks are ignored. The bias in the estimates of China's real GDP, trade flows, and welfare changes due to WTO accession …

shocks. We exploit sudden policy changes in the context of the trade dispute between the US and China. Based on a data set … negative direct effect of US tariffs on US imports from China, but (2) do not find evidence for significant short-run trade …