In this paper, we analyze the diffusion and adoption of paper making machinery in the Indonesian pulp and paper industry, from 1923 till 2000. We develop a machine level index of technological sophistication (mach), which measures the technological distance of each paper machine to the world...

The Netherlands can be considered as a tax haven for multinational corporations, because it deliberately enables these companies to reduce their tax payments in other countries. As a result, the Netherlands hosts over 10,000 subsidiaries of foreign multinationals, so called Special Financial...