The principle of national treatment, or the non-discrimination clause, is a principle that applies across many fields of international economic law. This book offers a horizontal examination of the principle as it applies within international trade law, international investment law, and...

Intellectual Property Rights as Obstacles to Legitimate Trade?' helps to understand one of the underlying rationales of the TRIPS Agreement in light of some of the most pertinent IP issues. The WTO/TRIPS Agreement for the first time put IP rights in the context of trade rules, such as when does...

The WTO and WIPO have in the first 10 years of this century seemed like less favorable venues for increasing IP standards and enforcement. This resulted in a shift of focus by a number of industrialized countries, which still wanted to achieve higher standards but in bilateral and regional free...

The ACTA was motivated by a desire to establish equivalent provisions in international trade agreements containing rules on anti-counterfeiting. This is important at a time when free trade agreements are being negotiated by different parties. For the European Union it is also of importance to...

The rapid changes in technologies that are used for R&D have created new opportunities and needs for strategic management of IPRs and knowledge, especially when used in a collaborative context. The use of new ICT technologies is fundamentally altering the way R&D is done. This is leading to a...

The ACTA was motivated by a desire to establish equivalent provisions in international trade agreements containing rules on anti-counterfeiting. This is important at a time when free trade agreements are being negotiated by different parties. For the European Union it is also of importance to...

The ACTA was motivated by a desire to establish equivalent provisions in international trade agreements containing rules on anti-counterfeiting. This is important at a time when free trade agreements are being negotiated by different parties. For the European Union it is also of importance to...

This comparative study deals with the liability for automated information systems under US and European law. A wide range of contractual and non-contractual schemes defining the duties of producers of information products are covered. In light of the changing concept and perception of...