This paper evaluates the economic impact of petroleum-refining production worldwide. The analysis, which is based on an inter-regional input-output model of the world economy, quantifies the gross production that should be attributed to the refining sector at both country and global levels. We...

Economic globalization has led to production increasingly becoming concentrated in certain regions and countries. This article develops an accounting framework to provide the trends for the contribution of countries to global gross domestic production (GDP). In particular, the method transforms...

Environmental pollution has received the attention of both economists and ecologists who have integrated their ideas and concepts in recent decades. Production and consumption of material goods generates residuals that are disposed in the environment. Air emissions constitute one of the most...