In the United States, utilizing economic incentives to spur business growth and relocation are almost as old as the Country itself. The frequency of incentives to spur capital investment and job creation in low to moderate income communities has increased over the last 20 years. Congress...

This paper reviews a considerable number of cases concerning the application of State aid rules to the EU banking sector. The relevance of the financial crisis which hit the lending industry in the '90s determined the Commission to a significant number of State aid reviews of national measures...

Corruption has challenged the legitimacy of political institutions that exist today and has led to political unrest in Kenya over the years. Bad governance and a lack of transparency in the public sector is one of the main contributors of corruption in Kenya. This paper delves into corruption...

September 11 changed the American economy and the global insurance market. The insurance industry no longer covers terrorism risk for "free." The traditional insurance mechanism alone cannot spread the risk of repeated catastrophic losses. Beyond the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 lingers...

This essay inquires into the political economy and system of governance that have made catastrophes more frequent and severe. The system of governance that is designed to mitigate risk and respond to catastrophes can be ineffective, or worse, increase the risk of harm through unintended...

The first attempts at public-private partnerships (PPP) in Africa were in the rail sector. As part of structural adjustment programme (SAP) in the nineties, the state conceded market power of rail to the private sector. One of the salient projects was Rift Valley Rail (RVR) concession in Uganda...

Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) is a ubiquitous reality. In Africa, the wave of PPP has hit states in their infancy – still moulding following only 50 years since independence. The common perspective of PPP on the realms of scholarship is transactional (focused on the delivery-end of...

This paper provides a statistical overview of the extent and composition of publicly-funded loans granted by banks to Italian firms. The analysis is based on the universe of reports to the Central Credit Register (CR). Between 1998 and 2007 the subsidized loans recorded by the CR amounted to...

Directly subsidizing bank deposits increases franchise value and promotes prudent lending. Subsidization can be made budget-neutral for the regulator by requiring banks to make upfront payments equal to the capitalized value of future subsidies they stand to receive. While compensating the...