Understanding the problem of land degradation in a given spatial and temporal context, requires looking at the community baseline conditions such as the natural resource base, human resources, existing institutions and infrastructure base, and how these conditions interact with policies and...

Several empirical studies across developing countries document a positive correlation between participation in rural nonfarm employment and households' wealth or income status. However, the direction of causality is far from obvious. This paper explores whether nonfarm employment leads to higher...

Credit constraint is considered by many as one of the key barriers to adoption of modern agricultural technologies, such as chemical fertilizer, improved seeds, and irrigation technologies, among smallholders. Past research and much policy discourse associates agricultural credit constraints...