The examinations taken by high-school graduates in Spain and the role of the examination in the university admissions process are described. The following issues arising in the assessment of the process are discussed: reliability of grading, comparability of the grades and scores(equating),...

A study that would otherwise be eligible is commonly excluded from a meta-analysis when the standard error of its treatment-effect estimator, or the estimate of the variance of the outcomes, is not reported and cannot be recovered from the available information. This is wasteful when the...