Both inspections and the threat of inspections reduce pollution emissions. Moreover, inspections induce plants to report their emissions levels more frequently to regulators.Since the early 1970s, industrial countries have enacted (or amended) many environmental laws and regulations to control...

Global climate models predict a rise in extreme weather in the next century. To better understand future interactions among adaptation costs, socioeconomic development, and climate change in developing countries, observed losses of life from floods and droughts during 1960-2003 are modeled using...