The use of force by the police is an area of significant concern both within and outside the police. The police struggle to find effective but publicly acceptable options. Recently in the United Kingdom, the deployment of CS chemical incapacitant sprays has emerged as a key initiative in the...

The role of the university in the formation ofspin-off companies is investigated, as well as how that role reflects differentregional contexts. In order to study the relationships between universityand regional agencies and between university and spin-off firms, research wasconducted in East...