In 1984, the Comptroller of the Currency stated that the eleven largest banking firms were quot;too big to fail,quot; implying they would receive de facto 100 percent deposit insurance. The question is whether this announcement altered the market's perception of the riskiness of all banking...

This study explores how Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) protests and their resolution affect the market value of merging banks. We find, in contrast to earlier research, that CRA-related events are not associated with significant negative market reactions for either bidder or target...

This paper tests whether there is a preference by borrowers and lenders of a particular ethnic or racial group that may predispose them to borrow and lend from each other. Using a narrow geographic area called zip code clusters, this paper groups minority-owned and non-minority-owned banks to...

This study investigates factors affecting changes in the disparity of home mortgage denial rates between white and minority loan applicants in the U.S. during the period 1991-1997. We develop a two-stage least-squares regression model that incorporates applicant-level characteritics,...