Horizontal collaboration between companies has been recognized as beneficial, although implementing horizontal collaboration has proven to be challenging. In this paper, we zoom in on the largest challenges and present a holistic approach to foster horizontal collaboration. Specifically, we...

In practice, many package transportation companies lower their costs by hiring outside carriers to serve orders that cannot be served efficiently by their own trucks. The problem which takes the order outsource option into account is the Vehicle Routing Problem with Private Fleet and Common...