This paper explores why competing firms can choose to outsource to an external common supplier that does not have a cost advantage in input production. The supplier, through its contract offers, manages to generate asymmetry, to alter product market competition, and to extract profits from the...

Among the most prominent theoretical frameworks dealing with the economic underlyings of firms' make-or-buy decisions are Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and the Resourced Based View (RBV). Relying on panel data covering 107 European firms over eight years I test predictions from both TCE and...

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Part 1: Recognising relationships between adversity, trauma and crime -- Chapter 2: Adversity and trauma: realising the basics -- Chapter 3: Recognising the relationships between trauma and offending -- Chapter 4: Recognising the significance of the past: developmental...