The current level of competition in European commercial passenger rail markets is low and empirical data on customer … passenger rail by exploring the determinants of customers' choice behaviour on two cross-border routes, Cologne-Brussels and … outcome of intramodal competition, implying that entry is even more difficult than they predicted. -- Competition ; Passenger …

freight and passenger transport. The analysis shows that the dominance of the former monopolists in the different Member … enterprises with the separation of infrastructure from operations. The study takes a look at the impact of the European rail … infrastructure and the transport services within the railway companies was carried out, and in the degree of opening of the market in …

Efficient transport links are critical to enhancing the integration of markets in Southern Africa. This paper assesses … the structure of markets, competition, and prices and costs of road transportation between urban hubs in Malawi … and control of access to loads by large brokers continue to negatively affect competition and efficiency. …

processed food products. This paper relies primarily on firm-level interview data to assess competition and bottlenecks in … transporting time-sensitive perishable products across borders between Harare, Johannesburg, Lilongwe, and Lusaka. High transport …

competition in the freight and/or passenger segment is ambiguous and depends on the level of competition. Finally, social welfare … pay to the infrastructure manager for access to the tracks and how these charges change with increased competition in the … railway market. Our analysis shows that an increased number of competitors in the freight and/or passenger segment reduces …

2022. Temporarily, however, the use of rail transport increased dramatically and there was a moderate decline in light … travel, the dominant mode of transport, was also subsidised over the same period. This, together with the limited timeframe … of the special offer, meant that few motorists could be persuaded to make a long-term commitment to public transport. The …

prescribing decisions impact the competition among molecules of a therapeutic class, once generic versions of one of these …