rural incomes in China. Current literature based on analyses of rural income volatility in China decomposes poverty into … poverty gap attributable to mean income over time being below the poverty line. Resulting estimates of 40-50 % transient … urban-rural income gap on which much of current poverty debate in China focuses. Since an uncertain income stream is worth …

Current literature based on analyses of rural income volatility in China decompose poverty into chronic and transient … to mean income over time being below the poverty line. Resulting estimates of 40-50% transient poverty point to the … policy conclusion that poverty may be a less serious social problem than it appears in annual data due to rural income …

This paper studies how wealth and health inequalities have interacted with the Covid-19 epidemic in a way that has … reinforced inequalities in income, savings, epidemic risk and even individual preventive behaviors. We present in more detail two … papers and their theoretical and empirical results. Recovery and contamination rates are functions of an individual's health …

kausale Effekte einer freiwilligen Mitgliedschaft auf das Einkommen von Freiberuflern sichtbar: für Männer betragen sie … Berufe ; freiwillige Mitgliedschaft ; Berufsverbände ; Einkommen ; mikroökonometrische Evaluation ; Fixed …To which extent do freelancers experience a causal effect on their income due to a voluntary membership in a …

five) live in poverty as in Gosforth. And while a fifty-five-year-old man from Gosforth can expect to live another … seventeen years in good health, the average fifty-five-year-old in Byker has only another nine years of healthy life expectancy …