Should shocks be part of our macro-modeling tool kit - for example, as a way of modeling discontinuities in fiscal policy or big moves in the financial markets? What are shocks, and how can we best put them to use? In heterodox macroeconomics, shocks tend to come in two broad types, with some...

As shown in recent Federal Reserve flow-of-funds data, federal government liabilities rose sharply in 2008 . Who holds these new liabilities, and what effects will they have on the economy? Some economists and politicians warn of impending inflation. Below we focus on one positive effect - a...

This public policy brief analyzes the current economic climate in light of recent data and commentary. The authors’ approach rests upon a Keynesian framework in which departures from full employment can persist even in the long run. Moreover, monetary policy matters in our view, but fiscal...