The Capital Markets Union (CMU) aims to strengthen capital markets and investments in the EU. In the context of innovative SMEs (start-ups and scale-ups), the CMU's goal is to make more "venture capital" available to these businesses. However, greater volumes of available venture capital can...

How can law help translate great ideas into great innovations? Venture capital (VC) markets play an increasingly important role in funding innovation, and they have benefitted from substantial public support and subsidy. While venture capital is almost synonymous with innovation, the ability of...

Economic geography receives limited consideration in the venture capital literature. This study utilizes thirty years of data concerning companies that initially were backed by venture capital. These firms are located in Entrepreneurial Focal Points in the United States, namely: California,...

Corporate venture capitalists (CVC) invest in entrepreneurial startups for reasons including financial and strategic goals. In high-tech industries CVCs may use direct equity investment to stimulate innovation that is directly relevant to the investing firms' innovation efforts. At the same...

We compare investment in innovation (e.g., R&D) between new venture start-ups before commercialization and operating businesses after commercialization. Operating businesses use R&D to improve actual earnings while start-ups use R&D to improve prospective earnings. When a start-up entrepreneur...

Corporate venture capitalists (CVC) invest in entrepreneurial startups for financial and strategic goals. CVCs may use direct equity investment to stimulate innovation that is appropriable by the investing firms. At the same time, CVC is also used for strategic goals which may include blocking...

It took Intel, established in 1968, 27 years to reach a value of $150 billion; Oracle (1977) reached it in14 years; Google (1998) needed only three years; while Facebook (2004) made it in a mere 18 months. Nowadays, new startups are funded with tens of millions after 6 months of existence, and...

We analyze the roles of entrepreneurs, venture capitalists (VC), and the government in financing fundamental innovations, defined as those with positive social value net of development costs, but negative net present values to innovating firms. We first analyze the case where the entrepreneur,...

Venture capitalists find, fund, and assist high-impact entrepreneurs - individuals whose firms are instruments of Schumpeter's (1939) “creative destruction” and the “creation of new economic spaces” (Acs, 2008). These entrepreneurs form firms characterized by a lack of substantial...