Some models are presented in this paper which extend the concept of measuring superefficiency to the useful case of variable returns-to-scales (VRS), thus enabling the ranking of efficient as well as inefficient units. Two models, namely the Universal Radial Model and the Universal Additive...

Analysis of the Constitutional Treaty of the European Union shows that there is a serious discrepancy between the voting power gradient of Member States computed by the Shapley-Shubik and Banzhaf indices. Given the lack of compelling arguments to choose between these indices on purely axiomatic...

The European Commission has been working to promote reform and modernisation of restrictive regulation in the professional services area since 2002. This underlines wide disparities in levels of regulation across the EU and reveals links between excessive regulation and economic inefficiency....

Interest in the effectiveness of tax incentives for Research and Development (R&D) has spurred in the aftermath of the financial crisis - and for two different reasons. First, the financial crisis obliged many governments to introduce tough fiscal consolidation measures. This has increased the...