workforce common to all EU member countries: flows from regular employment to non-employment are very often dead-ends. A vast …-term unemployed or leave the workforce altogether, never to regain regular employment even after as long as twenty years. Many join … the ranks of the irregular economy, many drop out of the labour force. "Workforce disposal" refers to the process …

This paper shows empirically that the non-employment effects of unemployment insurance (UI) for older workers depend in … difficult-to-explain trends in the unemployment rate of older German workers …

This text focuses on long-term unemployment in the German labor market caused by insufficient work skills capabilities …

While unemployment rates in Europe declined after the global financial crisis until 2018/19, the incidence of long …-term unemployment, the share of people who have been unemployed for more than one year to the total unemployed, remained high. Moreover …, the COVID-19 pandemic could aggravate the long-term unemployment. This paper explores factors associated with long …

market flows and reduce unemployment duration. Without attempting to evaluate the specific components of these Hartz reforms …

' slightly lower geographic mobility across federal states may explain part of their lower re-employment success; iii) our …