The financial crisis has brought to the fore concerns regarding small- and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs) capacity to access traditional bank lending. Using European firm-level data on SME access to finance since the onset of the financial crisis, we find that bank-lending constrained SMEs are...

In this note we provide new evidence regarding the size and dynamics of the credit risk premium on Irish Sovereign bonds during the 1980s and early 1990s when fiscal conditions were similar to those currently being experienced. Our analysis is not confounded by the effects of exchange rate risk...

The war in Ukraine and the subsequent increase in energy and other commodity prices has dampened the economic outlook. There are increased downside risks to economic activity and there is also considerable uncertainty around any economic projections and how they may evolve in the future. This...

Many countries experienced a residential credit bubble prior to the global financial crisis; however, by most criteria, the Irish residential and financial sector witnessed one of the most significant imbalances across contemporary western economies. The Irish property market had experienced a...