This paper estimates wider economic impacts related to productivity from transport networks in Hong Kong in 2016. Specifically, we use an instrumental variable approach to identify the causal effect of transport network centralities on productivity measured by gross value added. Our...

An outline strategic urban planning vision is a front-end government strategic plan with sparsely defined goals. Methods for an ex-ante appraisal of such sparsely defined vision are limited in the literature. By adapting a reference class forecasting (RCF) methodology, we propose an innovative...