This report investigates the impact of unconventional gas, most notably shale gas, on European Union (EU) energy markets. In February 2011, the European Council stated that: "In order to further enhance its security of supply, Europe's potential for sustainable extraction and use of conventional...

The rapid worldwide growth of renewable energy has been largely underpinned by government support over the past decade. The need for subsidy is fading as the cost of electricity from renewables converges with that from fossil fuels, but the withdrawal of support schemes will also remove the...