The claim that lawyers act as gatekeepers or certifiers in financial transactions is widely discussed in the legal … firms have replaced investment banks as the gatekeepers of the market for sovereign debt. We document a sea change in the …

The claim that lawyers act as gatekeepers or certifiers in financial transactions is widely discussed in the legal … replaced investment banks as the gatekeepers of the market for sovereign debt. Our results suggest that hiring outside law …

talents, presenting themselves before ‘gatekeepers’ who seek talents that can profitably be developed and marketed …. Gatekeepers commonly function as agents for selecting artists and as match-makers between artists and complementary inputs. As an …