Broadband adoption is considered one of the drivers of both economic and social development. Local loop unbundling (LLU) regulation is one of the main strategies to open access to an incumbent's bottleneck network in order to soften its monopoly power and encourage competition in the digital...

Due to the development of new innovations and technologies, broadband services currently require more transmission capacity to work properly and efficiently with new content. Higher quality video content and more complex applications on internet services also require faster broadband speed....

Mobile termination rates (MTRs) have been an important issue for regulators and operators in the telecommunications industry. Most regulators, especially the European Commission (EC), have tried to cut MTRs using cost-based regulation in the belief of improving social welfare and encouraging an...

Looking back at the last decade, the mobile phone has been greatly developed from only voice call and text message to a multi-purpose device, including camera, music player, games, and even small computer. The development of internet features in mobile phones has also continuously and...

Mobile payment services are experiencing the fastest growth compared to other payment methods, mainly due to the ever-increasing popularity of smartphones in recent years. Even though the technology has been available for more than a decade, mobile payment has been adopted into widespread usage...